![]() ![]() Due to such challenges with natural platelet based products, a parallel area of research has focused on the development of synthetic platelet surrogates 38– 40. However, such processing can lead to significant ‘loss-in-function’ of hemostatically relevant glycoprotein on the platelet membrane surface 36, 37, which can potentially lead to batch-to-batch functional inconsistencies. These technologies involve isolation, purification, sterilization, temperature-stabilization and lyophilization of outdated platelets or platelet-derived membrane to utilize their residual hemostatic bioactivity. Isolated Platelet Membrane (IPM Cyplex) and Thrombosome 33– 35. However, these approaches have only marginally improved the pre-hospital applicability of platelets, and the research continues to find alternative platelet-based options, e.g. via lyophilization and cold-storage, as well as, developing pathogen reduction technologies to reduce contamination 25– 32. These issues have led to robust research efforts in improving the storage stability, portability and availability of platelets, e.g. Extensive trauma resuscitation studies have indicated substantial benefits of early platelet transfusion to treat hemorrhagic shock and enhance survival possibilities 8– 13, however, the limited availability and portability, need for blood type matching, special storage requirements, high risks of bacterial contamination at room temperature and very short shelf-life (3–5 days at room temperature) of platelets, present severe logistical challenges for their applicability in pre-hospital scenarios 14– 24. ![]() In such scenarios, transfusion of whole blood or blood components (RBCs, plasma and platelets) can significantly improve survival 8– 10. In remote civilian locations and austere battlefield conditions, uncontrolled traumatic hemorrhage remains one of the leading causes of mortality 1– 7. Our results indicate substantial promise of SynthoPlate as a viable platelet surrogate for emergency management of traumatic bleeding. Subsequently we demonstrated that, following femoral artery injury, bolus administration of SynthoPlate could reduce blood loss, stabilize blood pressure and significantly improve survival. The nanoconstructs were then I.V.-administered to pigs and their systemic safety and biodistribution were characterized. We first characterized the storage stability and post-sterilization biofunctionality of SynthoPlate in vitro. Building on this, here we sought to evaluate the hemostatic ability of SynthoPlate in emergency administration within the ‘golden hour’ following traumatic hemorrhagic injury in the femoral artery, in a pig model. Previously we have reported the detailed biochemical and hemostatic characterization of SynthoPlate in a non-trauma tail-bleeding model in mice. To resolve this, we have developed an I.V.-administrable ‘synthetic platelet’ nanoconstruct (SynthoPlate), that can mimic and amplify body’s natural hemostatic mechanisms specifically at the bleeding site while maintaining systemic safety. However, in austere civilian and battlefield locations, access to platelets is highly challenging due to limited supply and portability, high risk of bacterial contamination and short shelf-life. ![]() Traumatic non-compressible hemorrhage is a leading cause of civilian and military mortality and its treatment requires massive transfusion of blood components, especially platelets. ![]()
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